William Camden’s Brittania

“A map of England, Wales, Scotland eastern Ireland, in an oval supported by Neptune and Ceres, with vignettes of Britannia sitting on a rock, a ship, St Paul’s Cathedral, and Stonehenge and the Roman Baths. On the map London and York are marked, but most of the other names are tribes. This frontispiece was one of three maps engraved by William Rogers (c.1545-c.1604) for the 1600 edition of William Camden’s ‘Britannia’, the fifth edition of the work, yet the first to contain maps. It was not until 1607 that a full suite of county maps was included, alongside a larger version of this map, engraved by William Hole.”

Chorography designates “a regional map in Renaissance geographic texts and the artistic description of regions” viewed and experienced from within linking “regional events at the time of occurrence in pictorial representations.” (Olwig 2001 and Curry 2005 cited in Päivi Kymäläinen and Ari A. Lehtinen 2010: 252). Chorography or place‐writing forms an aspect of the tri‐partite structure belonging to a classical Geographic distinction between Topography, Chorography and Geography, Päivi kymäläinen and Ari A. Lehtinen (2010). Chorography, defined by the polymath Ptolemy in the Geographike Hyphegesis (c.149AD) takes region as its lens. This field-based approach and detailed descriptor of place qualitatively maps characteristics of the locale by examining the constituent parts of that place “to describe the smallest details of places.” Morra J, Smith M (2006: 17-18). Cormack states “Chorography was the most wide ranging of the geographical subdisciplines, since it included an interest in genealogy, chronology, and antiquities, as well as local history and topography…unit[ing] an anecdotal interest in local families and […] genealogical and chronological research.” (Cormack 1991 cited in Rohl 2011: 22).

Chorography was re-discovered in Renaissance Geography and British Antiquarianism 16th -17th centuries. Historically William Camden’s Brittania (1586) or a Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland is an encyclopaedic approach to a geographic, historical topographical survey of the British Isles which has been identified as a classic exemplar of the renaissance of a chorographic work “connecting past and present through the medium of space, land, region or country.” (Rohl 2011: 22). Camden’s place in this changing historiographical framework of the English Renaissance is critical to elevating the field of historical studies in tandem with scientific documentation as a new and original contribution to knowledge and the discovery of ‘England’ and a sense of ‘Englishness’ (Richardson 2204: 112).

With its overriding pre-occupation with place Camden’s Brittania (1586), arranged chronologically, is a county-by-county survey of England & Wales which travels from the South to the North and represents a new ‘topographical-historical method’ (Mendyk 1986 cited in Rohl 2011: 22). The science of map making was still in it’s infancy but Camden was linked to its development and utilised it when it became available (Richardson 2004:117). Cartographic representations however “aim at synchronic representation”, chorographic descriptions of the countryside, by contrast, opt instead for the diachronic.” Reconstructing a topographically organised historical account in a specific area. Hence in Marchitello’s formulation “Chorography is the typically narrative and only occasionally graphic practice of delineating topography not exclusively as it exists in the present moment, but as it has existed historically. This means not only describing surface features of the land (rivers, forests, etc.), but also the “place” a given locale has held in history, including the languages spoken there, the customs of it’s people, material artefacts the land may hold, and so forth.” Marchitello in (Swann 2001, p.101). British Antiquarianism therefore retrieved chorography and recreated it in an expanded field, re-interpreting its legacy, ensuring its survival, restoration and continuing communication. Susan Stewart discusses the antiquarian as being “moved by a nostalgia of origin and presence” whose “function is to validate the culture of ground.” (1984:153)

Text reproduced from https://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=31158455803&cm_mmc=ggl--UK_Shopp_RareStandard--product_id=bi%3A%2031158455803-_-keyword=&gclid=CjwKCAiApvebBhAvEiwAe7mHSKrgSaHbIJ-gLMONnS4zfobOGGL_kNcSs86HQENjxVf97aIYKEEEchoCF4YQAvD_BwE (accessed23/11/22)

Image reproduced from https://www.alamy.com/frontispiece-map-of-britannia-from-the-early-printed-book-entitled-britain-or-a-chorographical-description-of-the-most-flourishing-kingdoms-england-scotland-and-ireland-and-the-lands-adjoining-out-of-the-depth-of-antiquity-beautified-with-maps-of-the-several-shires-of-england-written-by-william-camden-william-camden-may-2-1551-november-9-1623-was-an-english-antiquarian-historian-and-topographer-image246621803.html (accessed 23/11/22)

Letter to Alessa

[A] “When I thought about what I could show you, what I could write you, I thought of this letter.”

[D] “We will take detours along the way tracing spaces in traces, spaces in places, traces in spaces, places in traces. We will have to trust we will find our way home because from there we go out to all other places. Let us linger here together at the threshold…”

[A] “In a letter, in a sentence there are 3 things I determine. The definite things, the names, the things yet to be resolved: the questions and the things that just don’t mean anything at all. I find myself paying attention to these pauses, silences and endpoints. I wonder if I can show you what I mean, I wonder about what we’re all doing and if our thoughts overwrite each other, whether you would hear what I am saying.

How often do we say: “I see what you mean”… well do you? I cannot see what you mean I can only imagine.”

[D] “In truth there is nothing I want to make you see, there is nothing I really mean and this nothing can never be exhausted. You made a distinction between hearing and listening just as I do between seeing and looking. Perception is an act of consumption in which we hazard nothing.”

You said: “When something is conclusive it means it never started; labour does not make a work and perhaps, you wrote, the first and last form is an empty bowl…” This made me entertain a fantasy of pointlessly making bowls which means labour could make a work but only as a device to understand the failure of creating an audience.

Ad Reinhardt

You wrote: Perhaps the only painting is black but there are endless possibilities in black. Old black, fresh black, lustrous black, dull black, emerald black, oil black, sunlight black, shadow black and the black of the lime tree in winter.

Courbet, Woman with a Parrot, 1866

You wrote: Maybe the only score is silent. What does it mean to experience silence as the essence of language?. Being silent is not the same as being mute. Silence is the only form of articulation. This is the gift of language.

I read a story about a child and a house built out of small red bricks. When construction was complete the child squatted next to it, placed a pig inside it and carefully replaced the top. Occasionally she walked away from the enclosure but always returned, opening it carefully, looking inside, emptying or filling it. This was her universe. Then you wrote me a story about a red house, a model that came to be built for real in red brick, found like a little time machine although you couldn’t determine if it goes to the past or the future. There is something tragic about the kind of architectural model created on the kitchen table. A house of meetings but also departures, its walls urge you to remember your compulsion to forget.

What does it mean to inhabit something, to capture its music? You thought about a nautilus shell for a long time and I wondered how you could blend with the darkness of the sea…

                Dear Black Spot…

Gazing into your liquid emerald darkness suffused with silver halide crystals of light, sinking into your inky depths, enveloped in your perfect form, in a slumber dead to the world, an eternal caress wrapt in your tender abyss.

As I write to you I can sincerely say I have lived in this house although I cannot determine whether it is the past or the future. The ghostly sublime of a chair hovers in the background then I realised it never went away because it was never there in the first place. In the distance doors exploded from their origin, nothing is being asked or explained. A serene velocity at the mirrors edge hovers in the silver of the ground.

Symptoms manifested in the smashing of windows, the rehearsal of a ventriloquist act in empty rooms constructing an emotional temperature. I have stood under the darkening sky at the strike of madness where dead fingers dance, the dark matter of corporeal poetry: a shadow soundtrack of whispering grass kicking the air.

[A] “When we believe in a concept so deeply we might make a container for it over and over again…until the object might measure half the thought or the form smothers its nucleus. Just like a faucet that leaks [D: and there is comfort in this sound] concepts survive between half full and drowning.”

Piet Mondrian

[D] “Let us go, you and I beyond the perimeter where the Lime Tree is the tallest tree in sight, taller than the pines, the birches and willows, let us forget the names we give to the things we see.

There on the mossy bank of the lake I shall add my half empty to your half full and we shall wade out into its depths. We will forget that in spring and summer the Lime Tree was green all over and now in winter its branches are black, we will forget we are sad about that. We will forget because here in the lake we will be testing the concepts of surviving and drowning.”

You wrote: Perhaps an artist cannot live, but only die in what he or she creates. In reality this appears to be a trifle like a paper cut and ‘when this cut is made nothing is destroyed’, but beneath the work are the cuts, sharp, clean, deep. How do you obtain relief? Breathe and keep cutting.

[A] “I wonder are you bored because time is being consumed. Boredom is when what you want is elsewhere and you are obliged to wait for it, or wait without it.” [D] This absent content is a fragment that shines like gold. There is no sound we can run to in this prototype theatre; we can only act out to the sides.

Roland Barthes writes: ‘There is a scenography of waiting: I organize it, manipulate it, cut out a portion in time in which I shall mime the loss of the loved object”… the object yet to come, the object that should have come and didn’t, the object that might never come, “provoking  the effects  of a minor mourning.” A Lover’s Discourse, Waiting, P.37

I am waiting for an arrival, a return, a promised sign. I have no sense of proportions. The being I am waiting for is not real. I create and re-create it over and over, starting from my capacity to love.

[A] “In a letter, in a sentence there are 3 things I determine. The definite things, the names, the things yet to be resolved: the questions and the things that just don’t mean anything at all. I find myself paying attention to these pauses, silences and endpoints.”

Fernando Pessoa writes “I think with my feelings and feel with my thoughts”.

[D]                         Do you see what I mean?… I imagine in this instance that you do.

Fig 1: Ad Reinhardt https://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30264327612&cm_mmc=ggl-_-UK_Shopp_RareStandard-_-product_id=bi%3A%2030264327612-_-keyword=&gclid=Cj0KCQiAsoycBhC6ARIsAPPbeLtQgCUrkcC2Ctc-JHu1kkto0JtMevpaSmm_YV4-VyK3iwGtVb4SEg4aAqODEALw_wcB (accessed 27/11/22)

Fig 2:  Courbet, Woman with a Parrot, 1866 https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/woman-with-a-parrot/jgHoAxofXjqd_Q?hl=en-GB accessed 27/11/22)

Fig 3: Mondrian https://www.nicholashedges.uk/drawing/mondrians-trees/ (accessed27/11/22)

Placeways Glossary

Cacotope: A bad place.

Chorophilia: Love of place.

Energy: The capacity to cause changes in interest, feeling or action

Expressive Intelligibility: Making sense through a whole experience of perceptions, ideas, images, dramatic encounters and stories; knowledge with its centre in the life of feeling.

Expressive space: A specific milieu laden with emotional and symbolic features of experience: a place that contains feelings and meanings, which may be expressed through objects, structures, forms, surfaces, images, stories, myths, memories and dreams.

Pathetecture: The process of building feelings and meanings by the arrangement of material objects, especially through construction, dilapidation, and excavation.

Periegete: A guide to a place.

Place: A location of experience; the container of shapes, power, feelings, and meanings.

Ruins: Physical remains shaping a location of experience that is past but not completed.

Structure of mutual immanence: The system of effective presences dwelling together in a place.

Theoria: An ancient way of grasping experience that involves all the senses and feelings.

Therapeia: Close attendance.

Theraputae: People who give close attendance.

Topistics: A holistic mode of enquiry designed to make the identity, character, and experience of a place intelligible.

Topoclasm: Destruction of a place.

Topomorphic revolution: A fundamental change in a mode of dwelling together in a place.

Topotherapy: The responsive dwelling, close attendance, cultivation and care of a place.

Wilderness: A location of unsettled experience.

Walter, E,V. (1998) Placeways: A Theory of the Human Environment, USA: UNC Press Books. p.215               

Radical Landscapes – Warwick Arts Centre

Cover Image Claude Calhoun

“From rural raves and anti-nuclear protests, to the climate emergency and mythical giants, Radical Landscapes presents a surprising and inspiring view of the British landscape.

The exhibition – which comes from Tate Liverpool – includes over 100 paintings, prints, photographs, textile-based works, sculptures, installations, multi-media pieces spanning a hundred years.  

Among the artists featured are late-20th century greats Henry Moore, Graham Sutherland and Eric Ravilious, contemporary artists Jeremy Deller and Tacita Dean, Birmingham-born painter Hurvin Anderson, surrealist Eileen Agar, and film-maker/artist Derek Jarman.  

Radical Landscapes also features contributions from Ingrid Pollard and Veronica Ryan, who’ve both been nominated for the Turner Prize 2022. On at the Mead Gallery, Warwick Arts Centre, Friday 7th Oct – Sunday 18th Dec 2022.

Exploring themes of common land, land use and identity, and responses to the climate emergency, notable works on display include Greenham Common Women’s Peace Camp banners by Thalia Campbell, Alan Lodge‘s photographs of ’80s-’90s raves, and Peter Kennard‘s 1980 Haywain With Cruise Missiles collage, which cleverly places Cruise missiles into John Constable’s iconic 19th century landscape painting, The Hay Wain.”

Text reproduced from https://www.warwickartscentre.co.uk/whats-on/40-radicallandscapes/, image reproduced from https://www.amazon.co.uk/Radical-Landscapes-Darren-Pih/dp/1849768129 accessed 13/11/2022.